EuroInvestor com Share News BOLIGA Investing com India
EuroInvestor com Share News BOLIGA Investing com India In addition to providing a pro-inflammatory immune response together with PD-L1 upregulation in the tumor microenvironment, poxvirus-based active immunotherapy resulted in increased numbers of CD8 T cells expressing intermediate levels of PD-1 (PD-1mid). PD-1mid T cells are generally considered more potent at lysing target cells and producing higher amounts of IFNγ and TNFα than PD-1hi cells . In contrast, there were significantly more CD8 T cells that were PD-1hi in the control group. PD-1hi T cells are generally defective in their ability to produce cytokines against target cells and are unable to be rescued by PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade . Importantly, the induction of this functional immune response characterized by activated T cells expressing PD-1mid and PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment provided the foundation for synergistic therapy by combination with PD-1 axis blockade. Importantly, it also allowed for ...